User-Configurable Sensor Platform

ABSTRACT

A sensor platform includes a programmable microcontroller to execute programming associated with one or more sensors in order to receive data from the one or more sensors and generate reports based on the data, and to enter a power-down mode in the absence of the data. The sensor platform also includes first and second transceivers. The first transceiver is configured to establish wireless connectivity with user devices using a first wireless protocol and to receive the programming from one or more of the user devices using the first wireless protocol. The second transceiver is configured to transmit the reports to a gateway using a second wireless protocol that is lower power, longer range, and/or lower fidelity than the first wireless protocol.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to wireless sensors, and more specifically touser-configurable wireless sensors.

BACKGROUND

Consumer acceptance of wireless sensors is limited by a lack ofconvenient user-configurability. Sensor systems that are dedicated to aparticular type of sensor are by definition limited in their use andlack universality. Expecting consumers to buy numerous different typesof sensor systems is unreasonable.

Consumer acceptance of wireless sensors is also limited by poor batterylife. If a user has to change or recharge the batteries in a wirelesssensor frequently, the wireless sensor becomes a nuisance and the useris less likely to utilize it.

SUMMARY

According, there is a need for user-configurable wireless sensors thatare low power and therefore have long battery lives.

In some embodiments, a sensor platform includes a programmablemicrocontroller to execute programming associated with one or moresensors in order to receive data from the one or more sensors andgenerate reports based on the data, and to enter a power-down mode inthe absence of the data. The sensor platform also includes first andsecond transceivers. The first transceiver is configured to establishwireless connectivity with user devices using a first wireless protocoland to receive the programming from one or more of the user devicesusing the first wireless protocol. The second transceiver is configuredto transmit the reports to a gateway using a second wireless protocolthat is lower power, longer range, and/or lower fidelity than the firstwireless protocol.

In some embodiments, a method of managing sensor operations is performedat a sensor platform that includes one or more sensors, a programmablemicrocontroller, a first transceiver, and a second transceiver. In themethod, a wireless connection is established with a user device throughthe first wireless transceiver using a first wireless protocol.Programming associated with a first sensor is received from the userdevice through the first wireless transceiver using the first wirelessprotocol. The programming is configured for execution by theprogrammable microcontroller. The programmable microcontrollerconfigures the first sensor in accordance with the programming and,after configuring the first sensor, receiving data from the firstsensor. The programmable microcontroller generates reports based on thedata in accordance with the programming and transmits the reportsthrough the second wireless transceiver, using a second wirelessprotocol, to a gateway. The second wireless protocol is lower power,longer range, and/or lower fidelity than the first wireless protocol.The programmable microcontroller enters a power-down mode in response toan absence of data from the one or more sensors.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding of the various described implementations,reference should be made to the Detailed Description below, inconjunction with the following drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a network architecture in which a sensor platform thathouses one or more sensors is wirelessly communicatively coupled to agateway in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 2A-2C show an example of the sensor platform of FIG. 1 inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method of managing sensoroperations in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a sensor platform in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a server system in accordance with someembodiments.

Like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout thedrawings and specification.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments, examples ofwhich are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the followingdetailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in orderto provide a thorough understanding of the various describedembodiments. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill inthe art that the various described embodiments may be practiced withoutthese specific details. In other instances, well-known methods,procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been describedin detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments.

FIG. 1 shows a network architecture 100 in which a sensor platform 110that houses one or more sensors is wirelessly communicatively coupled toa gateway 114 in accordance with some embodiments. The sensor platform110 may be located in a house 102 or other building. For example, thesensor platform 110 may be located in the premises of a business.Alternatively, the sensor platform 110 may be located in a vehicle oroutdoors. While the gateway 114 is shown as being situated in the samehouse 102 (or other building) as the sensor platform 110, it mayalternatively be situated in a different location from the sensorplatform 110 (e.g., in a different house or other different building)(e.g., on a cellular tower, radio tower, or utility pole).

Sensors in the sensor platform 110 may be user-configurable. Forexample, a user 104-1 uses an application running on a user device 106-1to configure one or more sensors in the sensor platform 110. To performthis configuration, the sensor platform 110 establishes a wirelessconnection 108 with the user device 106-1 using a first wirelessprotocol. In some embodiments, the first wireless protocol is apersonal-area-network (PAN) protocol, such as Bluetooth Low Energy(BLE). The application then transmits configuration instructions to thesensor platform 110. For example, the user 104-1 uses the application toselect a particular sensor recipe involving a particular sensor (orgroup of sensors), and the user device 106-1 transmits programmingcorresponding to the particular sensor recipe to the sensor platform110. The particular sensor recipe that the user selects may be one of aplurality of recipes provided by the application (e.g., includingmultiple sensor recipes for the particular sensor and/or for differentsensors). In some embodiments, the application allows the user 104-1 tocreate a sensor recipe (or multiple user-selectable sensor recipes). Theuser 104-1 may have one or more sensor recipes selected at a given time,such that programming corresponding to the selected recipe(s) is runningon the sensor platform 110. The programming is configured for executionby a processor (e.g., a programmable microcontroller 402, FIG. 4) in thesensor platform 110. The processor executes the programming to enableoperation of the particular sensor (or group of sensors). The userdevice 106-1 may be a mobile electronic device (e.g., mobile phone),wearable computing device, laptop computer, tablet computer, desktopcomputer, virtual assistant, or another suitable electronic device.

The sensor platform 110 wirelessly transmits reports to the gateway 114via a wireless connection 112 that uses a second wireless protocol. Insome embodiments, the second wireless protocol is a protocol for alow-power wide-area network (LPWAN). For example, the second wirelessprotocol may be LoRa. The second wireless protocol may be longer range,lower power, and/or lower fidelity than the first wireless protocol. Theamount of data that can be transmitted during a given time period thusmay be lower for the second wireless protocol than for the firstwireless protocol, making the second wireless protocol unsuitable forsending programming corresponding to sensor recipes from the user device106-1 to the sensor platform 110, but suitable for transmitting sensordata from the sensor platform 110 to the gateway 114. Alternatively, thesecond wireless protocol may be suitable for sending programmingcorresponding to sensor recipes, but substantially slower than the firstwireless protocol. For example, a remote user device 106 of a remoteuser 104 may send the programming to the gateway 114, which forwards theprogramming to the sensor platform 110 using the second wirelessprotocol. In some embodiments, signals transmitted between the sensorplatform 110 and the gateway 114 using the second wireless protocol havea range of 1-10 kilometers, while signals transmitted between the userdevice 106-1 and sensor platform 110 using the first wireless protocolhave a range of approximately 100 meters or less (e.g., a range thatlimits the user device 106-1 and sensor platform 110 to being in thesame house 102). In some embodiments, signals transmitted between theuser device 106-1 and sensor platform 110 using the first wirelessprotocol are 2.4 GHz signals while signals transmitted between thesensor platform 110 and the gateway 114 using the second wirelessprotocol are sub-gigahertz signals. (In other embodiments, instead ofusing two different wireless protocols, a single wireless protocol maybe used both to configure (e.g., send the programming to) the sensorplatform 110 and to send the reports to the gateway 114.)

The relatively long signal range achieved by the sensor platform 110through the use of the second wireless protocol (e.g., LoRa) allows thegateway 114 to be situated in a different location that the sensorplatform 110, as discussed above. For example, the gateway 114 may belocated in a first building of an apartment complex, while the sensorplatform 110 may be located in a second building of the apartmentcomplex. In another example, the gateway 114 and sensor platform 110 maybe located in different houses in the same neighborhood. In yet anotherexample, the gateway 114 may be located in a building, while the sensorplatform 110 may be located in a vehicle that operates in a region(e.g., neighborhood) around the building. Many other examples arepossible.

The reports transmitted by the sensor platform 110 to the gateway 114may include raw sensor data and/or sensor data as processed by thesensor platform 110. For example, a report may be triggered by new databeing available from a sensor (e.g., because a parameter monitored bythe sensor has crossed a threshold, such that a detection threshold ofthe sensor has been satisfied) and may include the new data.Alternatively, or in addition, a report may include one or morestatistics, as calculated by the processor, about sensor data. Forexample, the report may include an average value (e.g., mean, median, ormode) measured by a sensor during a time period.

In some embodiments, the gateway 114 forwards the reports through one ormore networks 116 to a remote server 118. The remote server 118 may beassociated with (e.g., operated and/or controlled by the provider of)the application on the user device 106-1 that was used to configure theone or more sensors in the sensor platform 110. Reports may be stored(e.g., by the sensor platform 110, gateway 114, and/or remote server118) and subsequently accessed by user devices 106 (e.g., by instancesof the application running on respective user devices 106). The gateway114 may receive reports from multiple sensor platforms 110 (e.g., withinthe same house 102 or other building, within a group of buildings, orotherwise situated within range of the gateway 114) and forward thosereports to the remote server 118. For example, the gateway 114 mayfunction like a wireless router. In some embodiments, however, thegateway 114 is separate from a wireless router (not shown) in the house102 (or other building) that provides wireless network access (e.g.,access to a local area network, such as WiFi access) to electronicdevices such as the user device 106-1. Alternatively, the gateway 114may be integrated with such a wireless router. In yet another example,the gateway 114 may be integrated in a cellular base station.

The one or more networks 116 may include any network or combination ofnetworks, such as the Internet, other wide area networks (WAN),metropolitan area networks (MAN), local area networks (LAN), virtualprivate networks (VPN), peer-to-peer networks, and/or ad-hocconnections. The one or more networks 116 may include publiccommunication networks, private communication networks, or a combinationof both public and private communication networks.

In some embodiments, the remote server 118 receives the reports fromgateways 114, stores and processes the reports, and generatesnotifications to be sent to user devices 106 to notify users 104 ofsensor readings. Examples of notifications include, without limitation,SMS messages, emails, and phone messages (e.g., automated text-to-speechmessages or pre-recorded voice messages). In the example of FIG. 1, theremote server 118 may send notifications to the user device 106-1 of theuser 104-1 and/or to a different user device 106-2 of a different user104-2. A notification may be sent to the user device 106-2 of the user104-2 through one or more networks 116 and a wireless access point 120(e.g., a WiFi access point, cellular base station, etc.) that is in adifferent location than the building 102. Notifications thus may be sentto user devices 106 of one or more users 104 regardless of their currentlocations.

The notifications may include data from one or more reports as processedby the sensor platform 110. For example, a notification may be triggeredby new data being available from a sensor (e.g., because a detectionthreshold of the sensor has been satisfied) and may include the newdata, as sent from the sensor platform 110 to the remote server 118 in areport. Alternatively, or in addition, a notification may include one ormore statistics, as calculated by the sensor platform 110 and/or theremote server 118. For example, a notification may include an averagevalue (e.g., mean, median, or mode) measured by a sensor during a timeperiod. In still another example, a report may indicate that an issueexists with a sensor (e.g., provide a warning regarding a sensor, suchas an indication that a detection threshold has been satisfied), with orwithout including data. Notifications may also or alternatively includeinformation regarding the health status of the sensor platform 110(e.g., battery-life indications, indications as to whether the sensorplatform 110 is functioning, indications as to whether particularsensors and/or other components are functioning, etc.).

The notifications may be user-configurable. For example, the user 104-1and/or the user 104-2 may use an application (e.g., the same applicationused to configure the sensor platform 110, or a different application)running on a respective user device 106-1 and/or 106-2 to specify thetype of content and/or format for notifications corresponding to arespective sensor (or group of sensors). The user 104-1 and/or the user104-2 may use the application to specify one or more conditions underwhich notifications are to be generated and sent. The type of content,format, and/or conditions may be specified in a particular sensorrecipe, such that selecting a sensor recipe results in bothconfiguration of the sensor platform 110 and configuration of the remoteserver 118 regarding notifications. For example, selection of a sensorrecipe on the user device 106-1 may cause a first message to be sent tothe sensor platform 110 using the first wireless protocol to enable asensor or group of sensors and configure the sensor platform 110accordingly, and a second message to be sent to the remote server 118(e.g., through the gateway 114 or a wireless access point) to configurenotifications associated with the sensor or group of sensors. The userdevice 106-1 may send the second message using a wireless protocoldistinct from both the first and second protocols (e.g., using WiFi), oralternatively using the first wireless protocol.

The network architecture 100 is merely an example of a networkarchitecture for a sensor platform. Other examples are possible. Forexample, the remote server 118 may be omitted and notifications may beprovided to users in a different manner (e.g., may be generated andtransmitted by the gateway 114).

FIG. 2A shows a sensor platform 200 that is an example of the sensorplatform 110 (FIG. 1), in accordance with some embodiments. The sensorplatform 200 includes a first portion 202 mechanically coupled (e.g.,screwed) to a second portion 204. In some embodiments, the first portion202 houses sensors and the second portion 204 houses batteries.

In some embodiments, the first portion 202 includes holes 206 throughits exterior (e.g., on a top surface). The holes 206 provide sensors inthe sensor platform 200 with access to the environment outside of thesensor platform 200. In some embodiments, respective sensors and/ortransmitters within the sensor platform 200 may be configured to extendthrough respective holes 206 and to retract back into the sensorplatform 200 when not in use.

A user 106 may mechanically de-couple (e.g., unscrew) the first portion202 from the second portion 204 and add one or more expansion modules210 between the first portion 202 and the second portion 204. Forexample, as shown in FIG. 2B in accordance with some embodiments, asingle expansion module 210 may be added between the first portion 202and the second portion 204, such that the expansion module 210 ismechanically coupled to (e.g., screwed to) both the first portion 202and the second portion 204. In another example (not shown), a stack ofmultiple expansion modules 210 may be added between the first portion202 and the second portion 204. Successive expansion modules 210 in thestack may be mechanically coupled to (e.g., screwed to) each other, withthe top expansion module 210 in the stack being mechanically coupled to(e.g., screwed to) the first portion 202 and the bottom expansion module210 in the stack being mechanically coupled to (e.g., screwed to) thesecond portion 204.

FIG. 2C shows a cross-section of an expansion module 210 in accordancewith some embodiments. A screw 212 is used to mechanically couple theexpansion module 210 to an expansion module 210 above it or to the topportion 202. A screw hole 214 is used to mechanically couple theexpansion module 210 to an expansion module 210 below it or to thebottom portion 204. The expansion module 210 contains an expansion board218 on which one or more sensors and/or transceivers (not shown) aremounted. Electrical contacts 216 communicatively couple the one or moresensors and/or transceivers on the expansion board 218 to an overlyingexpansion board 218 or to the top portion 202. Similar electricalcontacts (not shown) may provide an electrical connection to anunderlying expansion board and/or the second portion 204.

FIGS. 2A-2C are merely one example of how to add expansion boards andcorresponding sensors and/or transceivers to a sensor platform 110.Other examples are possible. For example, a sensor platform 110 may haveone or more slots into which respective expansion boards may beinserted.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method 300 of managing sensoroperations in accordance with some embodiments. The method 300 isperformed at (302) a sensor platform (e.g., the sensor platform 100,FIG. 1, such as the sensor platform 200, FIG. 2; the sensor platform400, FIG. 4) that includes one or more sensors, a programmablemicrocontroller, a first transceiver, and a second transceiver.

In the method 300, a wireless connection is established (304) with auser device (e.g., user device 106-1, FIG. 1). The wireless connectionis established through the first wireless transceiver using the firstwireless protocol.

Programming associated with a first sensor is received (306) from theuser device through the wireless connection. The programming is thusreceived through the first wireless transceiver using the first wirelessprotocol. The programming is configured for execution by theprogrammable microcontroller.

The programmable microcontroller configures (308) the first sensor inaccordance with the programming (e.g., as part of executing theprogramming).

After configuring the first sensor, the programmable microcontrollerreceives (310) data from the first sensor. In some embodiments, when newdata is available from the first sensor (e.g., when a value of aparameter measured by the first sensor satisfies a threshold, such as auser-configurable threshold), the first sensor sends an interrupt to theprogrammable microcontroller, which then reads the data. In someembodiments, the programmable microcontroller polls the first sensor atspecified times (e.g., periodically) to obtain new data.

The programmable microcontroller generates (312) reports based on thedata, in accordance with the programming (e.g., as part of executing theprogramming). In some embodiments, a report is generated in response tonew data from the first sensor. In some embodiments, a report isgenerated based on multiple data points from the first sensor (e.g., asmeasured over a specified period of time). For example, reports may begenerated periodically.

The reports are transmitted (314) through the second wirelesstransceiver, using the second wireless protocol, to a gateway (e.g.,gateway 114, FIG. 1, which forwards the reports to the remote server118). The second wireless protocol is lower power, longer range, and/orlower fidelity than the first wireless protocol.

The programmable microcontroller enters (316) a power-down mode inresponse to an absence of data from the one or more sensors. Forexample, the programmable microcontroller powers down, in whole or inpart, in the absence of interrupts from the one or more sensors and/orwhen not polling any of the one or more sensors, such that theprogrammable microcontroller is not receiving or processing data (e.g.,is not generating or transmitting any reports).

In some embodiments of the method 300, the first sensor is mounted on afirst expansion board. The sensor platform mechanically receives thefirst expansion board before configuring (308) the first sensor. In thismanner, the first sensor becomes one or the “one or more sensors” ofsteps 302 and 316. The sensor platform may mechanically receive a secondexpansion board on which a second sensor is mounted. In this manner, thesecond sensor becomes one of the “one or more sensors” of steps 302 and316. In some embodiments, the first expansion board is removed andreplaced with the second expansion board. In other embodiments, thesecond expansion board is mechanically received by the sensor platform,and thus installed in the sensor platform, while the first expansionboard is installed in the sensor platform (i.e., remains received by thesensor platform). Equivalents of steps 304-314 or a portion thereof areperformed for the second sensor.

In some embodiments of the method 300, the first sensor is fixedlyattached to the sensor platform (e.g., fixedly mounted inside the sensorplatform), and thus is not removable and replaceable (at least, notwithout damaging the sensor platform).

The use of separate wireless protocols to configure the sensor platformand report sensor data in the method 300 allows for easyuser-configurability along with long battery life. A low-power secondwireless protocol allows the sensor platform to report sensor data foran extended period of time (e.g., months) without exhausting itsbatteries. A higher power, higher fidelity first wireless protocolallows for quick configuring and updating of the sensor platform.Because such configuration and updating is typically infrequent, batterylife is not significantly impacted. Furthermore, the availability ofexpansion boards in some embodiments increases the options for userconfigurability.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a sensor platform 400 in accordance withsome embodiments. The sensor platform 400 is an example of the sensorplatform 110 (FIG. 1), such as the sensor platform 200 (FIGS. 2A-2C).The sensor platform 400 includes a programmable microcontroller 402, aplurality of wireless network interfaces 404, one or more sensors 412,one or more outputs 420, memory 430, and one or more communication buses428 interconnecting these components. In some embodiments, theprogrammable microcontroller 402 is a programmable system on a chip(e.g., a PSoC® from Cypress Semiconductor Corporation). In someembodiments, the memory 430 or a portion thereof (e.g., includingnonvolatile memory) is integrated with (e.g., situated on the same chipas) the programmable microcontroller 402. In some embodiments, one ormore of the wireless network interfaces 404 is integrated with (e.g.,situated on the same chip as) the programmable microcontroller 402. Theplurality of wireless network interfaces 404 may include a firsttransceiver 406 for the first wireless protocol and a second transceiver408 for the second wireless protocol. In some embodiments, the firsttransceiver 406 is integrated with the programmable microcontroller 402and the second transceiver 408 is on a different chip.

The one or more sensors 412 may include a location sensor 414 fordetermining a location of the sensor platform 400. The location sensor414 may use one or more global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs, suchas GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, or BeiDou) and/or trilateration of wirelesssignal strengths. The location sensor 414 may be fixedly situated withinthe sensor platform 400 or available on an expansion board 450.

The one or more sensors 412 may include one or more fixed sensors 416that are fixedly situated within (e.g., mounted inside) or otherwisefixedly attached to the sensor platform 400. In addition to or as analternative to the location sensor 414 and/or fixed sensors 416, thesensor platform 400 may include one or more expansion ports 418, each ofwhich may receive an expansion board 450 (e.g., an expansion board 218in an expansion module 210, FIG. 2) on which are mounted one or moresensors 452. Each expansion board 450 is removable from the expansionport(s) 418 and may be replaced in an expansion port 418 with anotherexpansion board 450 (e.g., with different sensor(s) 452).

Examples of sensors 412 include, without limitation, the location sensor414, a scale (e.g., a load cell), a proximity detector, a motiondetector, a distance detector, an accelerometer, a capacitive-touchsensor, a leak detector, a motion detector, a temperature sensor, ahumidity sensor, an air-quality detector, a microphone, a visible lightdetector, an ultraviolet (UV) light detector, an infrared (IR) lightdetector, a color detector, a compass, a food detector, a totaldissolved solids (TDS) detector, a pH detector, and a sensor to detectbreaking glass. Each of these examples may be a fixed sensor 416 or asensor 452 provided on an expansion board 450.

In some embodiments, the fixed sensors 416 are or include the followsensors, or a portion thereof: an accelerometer, a capacitive-touchsensor, a leak detector, a motion detector, a temperature sensor, ahumidity sensor, a microphone, and a light detector.

In some embodiments, an expansion board received in an expansion port418 includes a wireless transceiver to allow the sensor platform 400 tocommunicate wirelessly using a wireless protocol (e.g., WiFi, Zigbee,Zwave, Sigfox, a cellular protocol such as 4G/LTE or 5G, etc.) distinctfrom the first and second wireless protocols. In some embodiments, anexpansion board received in an expansion port 418 includes a wire-linetransceiver (e.g., for Ethernet or another wire-line protocol) andcorresponding cable connector. The expansion board may include thetransceiver(s) instead of or in addition to one or more sensors 452. Acorresponding network communication module may be stored in the memory430 (e.g., may be downloaded from the application running on the userdevice 106-1 or from the remote server 118, FIG. 1).

In some embodiments, the sensor platform 400 includes one or moreoutputs 420, including without limitation a light 422 (e.g., alight-emitting diode (LED)), speaker 424, and/or infrared (IR)transmitter 426. Each output 420 may be activated in response to sensordata. The programmable microcontroller 402 may execute programming(e.g., as received from the user device 106-1, FIG. 1) to activate oneor more of the outputs 420 in response to a determination that data fora sensor 412 satisfies a criterion (e.g., a threshold, which may beuser-configurable). For example, the light 422 may be activated as awarning and/or the speaker 424 may be activated to play a warning soundor message. In another example, the IR transmitter 426 may transmit acontrol signal to another electronic device (e.g., a device for playingmedia, such as a television, Blu-Ray/DVD player, set-top box,video/audio streaming device, audio receiver/amplifier, etc.) inresponse to detection of a corresponding user gesture (e.g., a touchgesture made by a user on an exterior surface of the sensor platform400, as detected by a capacitive touch sensor; a gesture made in the airby a user, as detected by a motion detector). More generally, theprogramming may instruct the programmable microprocessor 402 to performrespective operations in response to respective detected gestures (e.g.,touch gestures; air gestures).

Furthermore, one or more of the outputs 420 (e.g., the light 422 and/orthe speaker 424) may be activated in response to a determination thatdata for a sensor in another sensor platform satisfies a criterion. Forexample, outputs 420 on multiple (e.g., all) sensor platforms 400 in aspecified region (e.g., within a house 102 or other building) may beactivated (e.g., as a warning) in response to a determination that datafor a sensor in one of the sensor platforms 400 in the specified regionsatisfies a criterion. In some embodiments, the instructions for suchoutput activation on multiple sensor platforms 400 are provided by theremote server 118 or the gateway 114.

Memory 430 includes volatile and/or non-volatile memory. Memory 430(e.g., the non-volatile memory within memory 430) includes anon-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Memory 430 optionallyincludes one or more storage devices remotely located from theprogrammable microcontroller 402 and/or a non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium that is removably inserted into thesensor platform 400. In some embodiments, memory 430 (e.g., thenon-transitory computer-readable storage medium of memory 430) storesthe following modules and data:

-   -   a first network communication module 432 that is used for        communications between the sensor platform 400 and other        computing devices (e.g., the first user device 106-1, FIG. 1)        via the first transceiver 406, using the first wireless        protocol;    -   a second network communication module 434 that is used for        communications between the sensor platform 400 and other        computing devices (e.g., the gateway 114, FIG. 1) via the second        transceiver 408, using the second wireless protocol;    -   a sensor-operation module 436, which may include a        sensor-configuration module 438 for configuring the sensors 412        (e.g., in accordance with programming received from the user        device 106-1, FIG. 1), a sensor-data analysis module 440 for        analyzing data received from the sensors 412 (e.g., for        calculating statistics), a report-generation module 442 to        generate the reports sent to the gateway 114 (e.g., to the        remote server 118 through the gateway 114), and an output-device        activation module 444 to activate the outputs 420 as described        above (e.g., in accordance with programming received from the        user device 106-1, FIG. 1); and    -   a database 446 that stores sensor data 448.

The sensor-operation module 436 may include the programming receivedfrom the user device 106-1 (FIG. 1). The memory 430 (e.g., the first andsecond network communication modules 432 and 434 together with thesensor-operation module 436) includes instructions for performing themethod 300 (FIG. 3) or a portion thereof.

Each of the modules stored in the memory 430 corresponds to a set ofinstructions for performing one or more functions described herein.Separate modules need not be implemented as separate software programs.The modules and various subsets of the modules may be combined orotherwise re-arranged. In some embodiments, the memory 430 stores asubset or superset of the modules and/or data structures identifiedabove.

In some embodiments, the sensor platform 400 is battery powered.Alternatively, the sensor platform 400 may be powered by a DC powersupply (internal or external) that connects to an AC source (e.g.,electrical mains). In some embodiments, an expansion board may provide aconnector for connecting to an external power supply.

FIG. 4 is intended more as a functional description of the variousfeatures that may be present in a sensor platform than as a structuralschematic. In practice, items shown separately could be combined andsome items could be separated.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a server system 500 in accordance with someembodiments. The server system 500 is an example of the remote server118 (FIG. 1). The server system 500 typically includes one or moreprocessors 502 (e.g., CPUs and/or GPUs), one or more network interfaces504 (wired and/or wireless), memory 506, and one or more communicationbuses 505 interconnecting these components.

Memory 506 includes volatile and/or non-volatile memory. Memory 506(e.g., the non-volatile memory within memory 506) includes anon-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Memory 506 optionallyincludes one or more storage devices remotely located from theprocessors 502 and/or a non-transitory computer-readable storage mediumthat is removably inserted into the server system 500. In someembodiments, memory 506 (e.g., the non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium of memory 506) stores the following modules and data:

-   -   an operating system 508 that includes procedures for handling        various basic system services and for performing        hardware-dependent tasks;    -   a network communication module 510 that is used for connecting        the server system 500 to other computing devices via one or more        network interfaces 504 connected to one or more networks 116        (FIG. 1);    -   a sensor module 512, which may include a sensor-report analysis        module 514 for analyzing the reports received from sensor        platforms 110 via gateways 114 and the one or more networks 116        (FIG. 1), and a user-notification module 516 for generating and        sending the notifications to users (e.g., to the user devices        106-1 and/or 106-2, FIG. 1) based on the data in the reports;        and    -   a database 520 that stores data 522 from the reports received        from sensor platforms 110 and a sensor-control application 524        (e.g., the application used by the user device 106-1 to        configure the sensor platform 110, FIG. 1) that may be        downloaded by user device 106. The sensor-control application        524 may include and/or allow for the creation of sensor recipes.

Each of the modules stored in memory 506 corresponds to a set ofinstructions for performing one or more functions described herein.Separate modules need not be implemented as separate software programs.The modules and various subsets of the modules may be combined orotherwise re-arranged. In some embodiments, memory 506 stores a subsetor superset of the modules and/or data structures identified above.

FIG. 5 is intended more as a functional description of the variousfeatures that may be present in a server system than as a structuralschematic. In practice, items shown separately could be combined andsome items could be separated. For example, some items shown separatelyin FIG. 5 could be implemented on a single server and single items couldbe implemented by one or more servers. The actual number of servers usedto implement the server system 500, and how features are allocated amongthem, will vary from one implementation to another.

The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has beendescribed with reference to specific embodiments. However, theillustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or tolimit the scope of the claims to the precise forms disclosed. Manymodifications and variations are possible in view of the aboveteachings. The embodiments were chosen in order to best explain theprinciples underlying the claims and their practical applications, tothereby enable others skilled in the art to best use the embodimentswith various modifications as are suited to the particular usescontemplated.

What is claimed is:
 1. A sensor platform, comprising: a programmablemicrocontroller to execute programming associated with one or moresensors in order to receive data from the one or more sensors andgenerate reports based on the data, and to enter a power-down mode inthe absence of the data; a first transceiver to establish wirelessconnectivity with user devices using a first wireless protocol and toreceive the programming from one or more of the user devices using thefirst wireless protocol; and a second transceiver to transmit thereports to a gateway using a second wireless protocol, wherein thesecond wireless protocol is lower power and longer range than the firstwireless protocol.
 2. The sensor platform of claim 1, wherein: the firstwireless protocol is a protocol for a personal-area network (PAN); andthe second wireless protocol is a protocol for a low-power wide-areanetwork (LPWAN).
 3. The sensor platform of claim 1, wherein: the firsttransceiver is configured to transmit at 2.4 GHz; and the secondtransceiver is configured to transmit at sub-gigahertz frequencies. 4.The sensor platform of claim 1, wherein: the sensor platform is adaptedto mechanically receive an expansion board; the one or more sensorscomprise a first set of one or more sensors mounted on the expansionboard; and the expansion board is removable and replaceable.
 5. Thesensor platform of claim 4, wherein: the expansion board is a firstexpansion board; the sensor platform is adapted to mechanically receivea plurality of expansion boards that includes the first expansion board;each expansion board of the plurality of expansion boards includes arespective set of one or more sensors; the first transceiver is toreceive programming associated with the sensors in the respective setsof one or more sensors from one or more of the user devices, using thefirst wireless protocol; the programming associated with the sensors inthe respective sets is configured to be executed by the programmablemicrocontroller in order for the programmable microcontroller to receivedata from the sensors in the respective sets and to generatecorresponding reports; and the second transceiver is to transmit thecorresponding reports to the gateway using the second wireless protocol.6. The sensor platform of claim 4, wherein: the one or more sensors area first set of sensors; the sensor platform further comprises a secondset of one or more sensors fixedly attached to the sensor platform; theprogrammable microcontroller is to execute programming associated withthe second set of one or more sensors in order to receive data from thesecond set of one or more sensors and to generate corresponding reports;and the second transceiver is to transmit the corresponding reports tothe gateway using the second wireless protocol.
 7. The sensor platformof claim 6, wherein the first transceiver is to receive the programmingassociated with the second set of one or more sensors from one or moreof the user devices, using the first wireless protocol.
 8. The sensorplatform of claim 6, wherein respective sensors of the second set areselected from the group consisting of an accelerometer, acapacitive-touch sensor, a load cell, a leak detector, a motiondetector, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a microphone, and alight detector.
 9. The sensor platform of claim 4, wherein a respectivesensor of the first set is selected from the group consisting of ascale, a proximity detector, a motion detector, a distance detector, anaccelerometer, a capacitive-touch sensor, a leak detector, a motiondetector, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an air-qualitydetector, a microphone, a visible light detector, an ultraviolet (UV)light detector, an infrared (IR) light detector, a color detector, acompass, a location sensor, a food detector, a total dissolved solids(TDS) detector, a pH detector, and a sensor to detect breaking glass.10. The sensor platform of claim 1, wherein: the one or more sensorscomprise a capacitive touch sensor to detect touch gestures made on anexterior surface of the sensor platform; and the programmablemicrocontroller is to perform respective operations in response todetection of respective touch gestures on the exterior surface by thecapacitive touch sensor.
 11. The sensor platform of claim 1, furthercomprising a light to be turned on in response to a determination by theprogrammable microcontroller that data for a first sensor of the one ormore sensors satisfies a criterion, in accordance with the programming.12. The sensor platform of claim 1, further comprising a speaker to beactivated in response to a determination by the programmablemicrocontroller that data for a first sensor of the one or more sensorssatisfies a criterion, in accordance with the programming.
 13. A methodof managing sensor operations, comprising, at a sensor platformcomprising one or more sensors, a programmable microcontroller, a firsttransceiver, and a second transceiver: through the first wirelesstransceiver using a first wireless protocol, establishing a wirelessconnection with a user device; through the first wireless transceiverusing the first wireless protocol, receiving from the user deviceprogramming associated with a first sensor, the programming beingconfigured for execution by the programmable microcontroller; by theprogrammable microcontroller, configuring the first sensor in accordancewith the programming; by the programmable microcontroller, afterconfiguring the first sensor, receiving data from the first sensor; bythe programmable microcontroller, generating reports based on the datain accordance with the programming; through the second wirelesstransceiver using a second wireless protocol, transmitting the reportsto a gateway, wherein the second wireless protocol is lower power andlonger range than the first wireless protocol; and by the programmablemicrocontroller, entering a power-down mode in response to an absence ofdata from the one or more sensors.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein:the first wireless protocol is a protocol for a personal area network(PAN); and the second wireless protocol is a protocol for a low-powerwide-area network (LPWAN).
 15. The method of claim 13, wherein: thefirst transceiver transmits at 2.4 GHz; and the second transceivertransmits at sub-gigahertz frequencies.
 16. The method of claim 13,wherein the sensor platform is adapted to mechanically receive expansionboards, the method further comprising, at the sensor platform, beforeconfiguring the first sensor, mechanically receiving a first expansionboard on which the first sensor is mounted.
 17. The method of claim 16,further comprising, at the sensor platform: mechanically receiving asecond expansion board on which a second sensor is mounted; through thefirst wireless transceiver using the first wireless protocol, receivingfrom a user device programming associated with the second sensor andconfigured for execution by the programmable microcontroller; by theprogrammable microcontroller, configuring the second sensor inaccordance with the programming associated with the second sensor; bythe programmable microcontroller, after configuring the second sensor,receiving data from the second sensor; by the programmablemicrocontroller, generating reports based on the data received from thesecond sensor in accordance with the programming associated with thesecond sensor; and through the second wireless transceiver using asecond wireless protocol, transmitting the reports generated based onthe data from the second sensor to a gateway.
 18. The method of claim17, wherein: the first expansion board is removed from the sensorplatform before mechanically receiving the second expansion board; andthe second expansion board replaces the first expansion board.
 19. Themethod of claim 17, wherein the second expansion board is mechanicallyreceived while the first expansion board remains received by the sensorplatform.
 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the first sensor isfixedly attached to the sensor platform.